Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 is still evolving. This article deals with (1) historical development of Title IX; (2) subsequent litigation; (3) a brief explanation of Title IX; and (4) possible direction for future actions. Title IX has a controversial history. Its future promises more controversy. (Author)

From all available data it appears that men's athletics have not been harmed by progress for women in sports, and that even a reduction in the scale of men's athletics as a result of Title IX is not justification for denying equality to women athletes. (Journal availability: New England Law Review, 154 Stuart St., Boston, MA 02116, $4.00.) (MSE)

The Title IX transition period for athletics and physical education ends on July 21, 1978. Three documents are included here to assist institutions in their efforts to implement Title IX: (1) a summary of the regulation as it affects athletics; (2) a news release and an option issued by the general counsel of the Department of Health, Education,…

The nature and pervasiveness of sex-based inequalities within collegiate athletics are reviewed with regard to constitutional mandates as interpreted by Title IX and the proposed Equal Rights Amendment. Special attention is given to the once discredited "separate but equal" doctrine. (LBH)

The purposes of this report are to identify which federal agencies other than the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare have educational programs covered by Title IX; to survey those agencies to determine if they are enforcing Title IX by means of regulations, orders, or termination of funding; to identify problems of intragovernmental…

Enactment of Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 acknowledged a history of sex discrimination and sought to redress its impact in the educational sphere. The 1978 HEW proposed policy interpretation, designed to provide guidance to higher education institutions in complying with Title IX and athletic regulations, is discussed. (Author/MLW)

The purpose of this hearing was to re-examine the status of women's participation in intercollegiate athletics and the impact of the regulations mandated by Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972. The chairwoman, Honorable Cardiss Collins, opened the hearing by stating that 20 years after passage of Title IX, men continue to dominate all…

A new Education Department statement on athletic scholarships, intended to clarify the term "substantially proportionate" in assessing scholarship allocation to women, has turned some colleges from institutions in compliance with Title IX's gender-equity provisions into ones that could be breaking the law. How many institutions are…

HEW regulations under Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 have mostly affected athletic programs in institutions of higher education. Issues discussed include sex discrimination case law; separate-but-equal concept; sex discrimination in athletics: separate is equal; Title IX's regulations; and the extent to which Title IX reaches. (MLW)

Twenty-five years after passage of Title IX, federal legislation barring sex discrimination in athletics in federally-funded schools, females make up 37% of college athletes and receive 38% of athletic scholarships at National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I schools. Women's participation in college sports has increased four-fold.…

Federal policy regarding equal opportunity for men and women in intercollegiate athletics under Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 is viewed as a form of distributive policy that fails to incorporate principles of supply (spaces on teams) and differential demand among men and women. The result is seen to be another form of…

The provisions of the December 1979 statement interpreting Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, concerning sex discrimination in intercollegiate athletics programs, are outlined. A commentary is provided on some portions, including a new jurisdictional statement, scholarship and recruiting rules, and attempts to regulate employment…

Throughout Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association, the number of female athletes rose 5% from 1996-1997 to 1997-1998. Spending on scholarships for women increased 14%; for men it was up 10%. However, women are still far less likely than men to participate in intercollegiate sports. Participation rates and trends at 306…

Prepared as a report to Representative Cardiss Collins as part of an ongoing review of the implementation of Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, this document examines the current status of gender equity in intercollegiate athletics. Agencies with oversight responsibility for public higher education in each of the 50 states and the…

This document presents the transcript of a Congressional hearing examining women's participation in intercollegiate athletics, gender equity, and the impact of those governing regulations on intercollegiate athletics as mandated by Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972. The testimony of the following persons is included in the transcript:…