Leaders must know how to use evidence to inform district decisions, particularly as decisions related to learning become standard practice, and provide professional development that builds the organizational capacity needed to support continuous and sustainable district improvement. Collaboration and implementation of a shared vision and mission…

Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 is still evolving. This article deals with (1) historical development of Title IX; (2) subsequent litigation; (3) a brief explanation of Title IX; and (4) possible direction for future actions. Title IX has a controversial history. Its future promises more controversy. (Author)

From all available data it appears that men's athletics have not been harmed by progress for women in sports, and that even a reduction in the scale of men's athletics as a result of Title IX is not justification for denying equality to women athletes. (Journal availability: New England Law Review, 154 Stuart St., Boston, MA 02116, $4.00.) (MSE)

The nature and pervasiveness of sex-based inequalities within collegiate athletics are reviewed with regard to constitutional mandates as interpreted by Title IX and the proposed Equal Rights Amendment. Special attention is given to the once discredited "separate but equal" doctrine. (LBH)

The purposes of this report are to identify which federal agencies other than the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare have educational programs covered by Title IX; to survey those agencies to determine if they are enforcing Title IX by means of regulations, orders, or termination of funding; to identify problems of intragovernmental…

Federal law that forbids sex discrimination in educational institutions receiving federal funds (Title IX) has created opportunities for women athletes, but some say men's sports have lost ground. Since athletics provide major educational opportunities for black men, less so for black women, critics are concerned blacks may be losing. (MSE)

Enactment of Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 acknowledged a history of sex discrimination and sought to redress its impact in the educational sphere. The 1978 HEW proposed policy interpretation, designed to provide guidance to higher education institutions in complying with Title IX and athletic regulations, is discussed. (Author/MLW)

The purpose of this hearing was to re-examine the status of women's participation in intercollegiate athletics and the impact of the regulations mandated by Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972. The chairwoman, Honorable Cardiss Collins, opened the hearing by stating that 20 years after passage of Title IX, men continue to dominate all…

In response to Title IX legislation, the Association of Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW) altered its philosophy and practice governing women's athletics to more closely reflect the values structuring men's athletic programs. Financial aid and recruitment are specifically discussed. (IAH)

Following the passage of title IX, the number of women competing in intercollegiate or interscholastic athletics rose dramatically. Focuses on "affirmative action" cases; explores the implications of accommodation cases for the future of intercollegiate and interscholastic sports, and suggests actions for institutions in responding to…

A new Education Department statement on athletic scholarships, intended to clarify the term "substantially proportionate" in assessing scholarship allocation to women, has turned some colleges from institutions in compliance with Title IX's gender-equity provisions into ones that could be breaking the law. How many institutions are…

After 25 years of federal Title IX regulation, only three dozen of the top 300 college athletics programs are in compliance. Women receive less than 40% of athletic scholarships. College sports are locked into a budgetary structure that favors two dominant men's sports, football and basketball. Divisive rhetoric and resistance delay balanced…

With the enactment of Title IX in 1972, sports participation by female athletes in intercollegiate sports has generally increased, while leadership positions have decreased. The data summarized in this paper represent 15 years (1977-1992) of information on the status of women in intercollegiate athletics gathered in an on-going national study of…

To clarify the athletic requirements contained in the Title IX regulations of the Education Amendment of 1972, this policy interpretation was designed to provide colleges and universities with more guidance on how to comply with the law. The obligations of colleges and universities are clarified in the following areas: student interests and…

HEW regulations under Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 have mostly affected athletic programs in institutions of higher education. Issues discussed include sex discrimination case law; separate-but-equal concept; sex discrimination in athletics: separate is equal; Title IX's regulations; and the extent to which Title IX reaches. (MLW)