On June 23, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon signed into law Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, which prohibits gender discrimination in any federally financed education program or activity. Title IX is far-reaching, but the law is most often associated with school and college athletics. Title IX allows schools to prove their athletic…

Arguably, the most important school-based intervention to increase physical activity was Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, which led to a 600% increase in girls' sports participation between 1972 and 1978. We studied the effect of this increase in sports participation and athletic opportunities while young on the physical activity and…

A survey was conducted during 1979 to determine the interest in women's sports of Virginia Polytechnic Institute undergraduate students. The questionnaire contained three main parts. The first part, designed to be answered by both males and females, inquired about attending women's sporting events. Students were asked to check which women's sports…

Title IX regulations being considered for revision by HEW could represent a major breakthrough for women in education, including women in athletics. (Author)

Summarizes findings from a survey of about 400 school districts across the country to determine how Title IX is affecting their high school programs. (Author/MLF)

This booklet examines the requirements of the Title IX regulation for physical education and the principles and activities most important for complying with these requirements. It also examines concerns most frequently raised regarding the advisability of the required changes and presents information and suggestions for evaluating and alleviating…

Guidelines are given to conduct a self-evaluation study as required by Title IX. (MM)

Although sex discrimination has been widespread in many areas of public school education, in no area has it been so blatant as in athletics. Much of the support for the posture that competitive athletics was morally and physically bad for girls came from the physical education profession itself and from the women in the profession. Misconceptions…

Although women at first said their athletic programs would be different from men's, chances are good that women will follow the lead of men and develop similar problems. The solution is more institutional autonomy--each campus assuming responsibility for what happens there. (Author/LBH)

Colleges and university presidents must come to terms with the challenges posed by intercollegiate athletics. The author offers concrete ideas and suggestions aimed at breaking through the confusion surrounding intercollegiate athletics. (Editor/LBH)

Concerned with the sex equity of college athletic programs, this newsletter focuses on (1) a large group of colleges lobbying against Title IX and seeking cutbacks on sports coverage, (2) the mobilization of community groups seeking sex equity in local schools in Michigan and North Carolina, (3) new guidelines for eliminating sex discrimination in…

The question of how to modify athletics programs according to Title IX specifications can be resolved by examping the basic reasons why play and sport are necessary. These reasons range from relaxation and catharsis to learning and competence seeking. Specific programs, then, should be tailored to fulfilling this braod range of needs, and…

The guide is designed to help administrators of intercollegiate athletic programs review policies, procedures, and practices to determine if they are in compliance with Title IX's attendant regulations. The document addresses those areas of intercollegiate athletic program offerings that the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare has…

The nature and pervasiveness of sex-based inequalities within collegiate athletics are reviewed with regard to constitutional mandates as interpreted by Title IX and the proposed Equal Rights Amendment. Special attention is given to the once discredited "separate but equal" doctrine. (LBH)