Describes early experiences of women in athletic training, noting barriers they have confronted in the work environment, progress they have made in athletic training since the implementation of Title IX, and issues that have yet to be addressed to confront the covert discriminatory practices that continue to leave women isolated. (SM)

Discusses what has happened to women in athletic administration since Title IX. Administrators from various competitive athletic levels respond to questions about the advantages and disadvantages of Title IX relative to their athletic administration. (SM)

Data are presented on women in higher education, along with information on federal legislation to eliminate sex discrimination, issues concerning redressing employment discrimination, specific problems with legislative procedures and enforcement of legislation, and case studies that highlight some of the processes involved. Evidence is cited that…

Discusses the impact of Title IX on coaching opportunities for women, noting the declining representation of female coaches. From a historical perspective, the article examines perceived causes for women's diminished role and makes suggestions for future change. (SM)

Gender discrimination and wage inequity remain problems worldwide. In the United States and Canada, where equal rights and protective legislation have been in place for nearly 40 years, glaring disparities in salaries and job opportunities remain. Similar problems have been studied in the United Kingdom, leading to enactment of the 1975 Sex…

School administrators should welcome the growing interest in children's soccer programs because they offer an opportunity to cut athletic costs in half, increase participation in interscholastic athletics, and meet Title IX requirements. (Author/WD)

Sex-based employment discrimination claims against colleges and universities are examined. It is suggested that most judicial opinions have construed and applied the federal laws in a manner inconsistent with Congress' articulated desire to promote equal employment opportunity. (Available from: Vanderbilt Law Review, Vanderbilt University,…

The token gestures towards job equality for women in the fields of physical education and athletics coaching are symptomatic of the more serious problem of sexual equality present in American society. Cultural restrictions on the kind and degree of assertive behavior traditionally associated with the female role have left women ill-equipped to…

The North Haven Board of Education v. Hufstedler decision held that employees of educational institutions receiving federal funds are entitled to safeguards of Title IX, extending the legislation's scope and remedying, at least in part, limitations in protection. (Available from: Dennis & Co., 251 Main St., Buffalo, NY 14203, $3.50) (MSE)

Argues that affirmative action policies have been helpful in integrating women and minorities into the work force and into college athletics. Progress in women's sports should be a model for all minority groups, but affirmative action programs should be strengthened and further integrated into college athletics and the workplace. (SLD)

Summarizes two Supreme Court decisions on cases involving: (1) equal employment opportunities in public schools with federally funded programs; and (2) the right of a hearing impaired child to a sign language interpereter at a regular public school. Discusses implications of the decisions. (MJL)

Title IX of the Educational Amendments of 1972 is the principal federal law which prohibits sex discrimination in education. The law's requirements with regard to physical education classes and competitive, intramural, and club athletics are discussed. (IAH)

Describes the experiences and reactions of one female doctoral student/part time college teacher who encountered sex discrimination on campus, examining how she participated in a national campaign to end discrimination in education which led ultimately to the passage of Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972. (SM)

Focuses on the litigation challenging the authority of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare to promulgate regulations governing employment discrimination pursuant to Title IX. Despite compelling challenges, interest in Title IX continues because its penalties are more extensive than those available under Title VII. (IRT)

Focuses on the employment of women administrators by the New York City Board of Education from 1972 to 1981. Analyzes the influence of numerous difficulties--political, legislative, and administrative--on the effectiveness of Title IX. Concludes that, without revisions in policy design and management, the law is condemned to ineffectuality. (KH)