Despite the apparent benefits of Title IX, the implementation of the law remains controversial, and there are divergent beliefs regarding its impact on collegiate sport. The purpose of this study was to examine how members of a university community, whose intercollegiate sport programs have changed, perceive and make sense of Title IX and the…

The Supreme Court's recent decision in "Fitzgerald v. Barnstable School Committee" (2009) expands the opportunities for students and their parents to sue school boards for alleged sex discrimination. Even so, as discussed here, "Fitzgerald" should have little effect on the day-to-day operations of school systems. This column…

Parochial and private schools in the United States have maintained opportunities for students to attend same-gender settings without interference from policies governing public education. The gender composition and curriculum of public schools, however, have been influenced by societal regulations and expectations that have often utilized…

Over 40% of the institutions of higher education in the United States are 2-year colleges that enroll over 10 million students annually. Over 1/2 of the students enrolled in 2-year colleges are women. Many 2-year colleges sponsor intercollegiate sport programs. Athletic participation is an important part of the educational process, instilling…

Describes early experiences of women in athletic training, noting barriers they have confronted in the work environment, progress they have made in athletic training since the implementation of Title IX, and issues that have yet to be addressed to confront the covert discriminatory practices that continue to leave women isolated. (SM)

Discusses pre-Title IX recruitment and training of female officials for women's athletics, noting changes since Title IX, increases in the number of male officials, and increases in the number of females participating in sports; examines some successful programs and makes recommendations to increase the number of female officials. (SM)

Discusses what has happened to women in athletic administration since Title IX. Administrators from various competitive athletic levels respond to questions about the advantages and disadvantages of Title IX relative to their athletic administration. (SM)

Though things are better for women in sports media today, Title IX has barely affected their ability to successfully enter into men's sports reporting. The biggest issue is equal access to locker rooms. Women in sports media face less respect, double standards, lack of support, and salary discrepancy. (SM)

Two papers are presented that examine the barriers to women in academic decision making and identify a variety of effective strategies for improving the status of women in higher education administration. "Strategies for Advancing Women in Higher Education Administration," by Garry D. Hays, proposes that commitment to increasing the…

Discusses the impact of Title IX on coaching opportunities for women, noting the declining representation of female coaches. From a historical perspective, the article examines perceived causes for women's diminished role and makes suggestions for future change. (SM)

Gender discrimination and wage inequity remain problems worldwide. In the United States and Canada, where equal rights and protective legislation have been in place for nearly 40 years, glaring disparities in salaries and job opportunities remain. Similar problems have been studied in the United Kingdom, leading to enactment of the 1975 Sex…

Briefly reviews a number of Federal court cases that have dealt with Title IX, considering the issue of whether the 1974 regulations prohibiting sex discrimination in employment practices accurately reflect the intent of the 1972 law. (GC)

School administrators should welcome the growing interest in children's soccer programs because they offer an opportunity to cut athletic costs in half, increase participation in interscholastic athletics, and meet Title IX requirements. (Author/WD)

A definition and rationale for full equity under Title IX legislation in terms of outcomes for students and benefits for school districts are given in this article. The relationship of compliance to equity is explored through an analysis of short-term and long-term costs and benefits for students and schools in both minimal and maximal equity…

Sex-based employment discrimination claims against colleges and universities are examined. It is suggested that most judicial opinions have construed and applied the federal laws in a manner inconsistent with Congress' articulated desire to promote equal employment opportunity. (Available from: Vanderbilt Law Review, Vanderbilt University,…