Since its ratification in 1965, the ESEA and its reauthorizations have shaped educational policy and funding in the US. However, while the ESEA has been positioned as a fundamental system of educational governance to ensure quality in the nation's education system, it has been criticized for inconsistent support of diversity and the promotion of…

Purpose: America's College Promise (ACP) is a legislative initiative introduced by President Obama to increase access to higher education, to build the economy, and to support his earlier American Graduation Initiative. This legislation has the potential to settle among the ranks of the most influential federal higher education aid and access…

Bullying is a common occurrence in U.S.'s schools and is currently at the forefront of national attention. Unfortunately, students with disabilities are frequently the targets of peer-on-peer bullying. The purpose of this article is to examine the legal ramifications when students with disabilities are bullied in school settings. We address court…

Ritha Smith, assistant superintendent, and Seth Hanson, principal, are faced with a difficult decision. Taylor Harper is a transgender student who identifies as male and is openly attracted to females. Taylor's parents, Lane and Morgan Harper, are lesbians; they are fully supportive of their child's identification and are well versed in their…

This article uses Florida administrative data to evaluate the role that public high schools play in the growing female advantage in college enrollment. We first show evidence of gender sorting across public high schools that is beyond what one would observe if students were randomly assigned to their schools. Using regression and decomposition…

The implementation of non-discriminatory sex legislation provides theoretical and empirical grounds to examine responses by the state to gender equality. Tracing the trajectory of one such law in the U.S.--Title IX--over a period of 40 years, this study analyzes the extent to which the state: (1) acted as a unitary body, and (2) functioned to…

In the wake of institutionalized homophobia afflicting public schools, the nation faces a unique opportunity to acknowledge and transform the assumption that all people are or should be heterosexual and gender-conforming. In this article, the author examines how people, as a nation, can reform schools to be more inclusive of diverse student…

George W. Bush entered the White House determined to change federal education policy. In his first year as the president, Bush forged a bipartisan consensus around the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), which he signed into law on January 8, 2002. For the first time, states receiving federal K-12 education funding would be required to hold districts…

Provides brief review of single-gender programs in public elementary and secondary schools; discusses Equal Protection Clause of 14th Amendment and Title IX; analyzes the legality of single-gender programs; highlights several policy issues regarding the constitutionality of such programs. (Contains 2 tables and 42 references.)(PKP)

Reviews federal educational policy on gender equity in terms of provisions and actual practice. Outlines the American Association of University Women's proposed changes to improve equity in elementary and secondary education. (SK)

This article explores the politics surrounding the education of pregnant/mothering students. Utilizing Title IX, which guarantees the rights of pregnant/mothering students to an education equal to her peers, as an analytical lens, the author specifically identifies how absences in knowledge, research, and practice about the education of…

A new Education Department statement on athletic scholarships, intended to clarify the term "substantially proportionate" in assessing scholarship allocation to women, has turned some colleges from institutions in compliance with Title IX's gender-equity provisions into ones that could be breaking the law. How many institutions are…

The Education Amendments of 1972 will be credited with triggering the deregulation of American higher education. The law broke higher education's monopoly on granting degrees because it allowed an array of institutions and organizations to press for degree-granting status from state licensure boards (MLW)

The position paper of the American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers, submitted to the Title IX/Title XI Reauthorization Task Force of the higher education community in anticipation of the legislation's reauthorization process in 1997, addresses the federal role in graduate education and explains the importance of…

College/university governing boards should consider various issues in determining whether to pursue athletic success: legal considerations, including coaches' salaries and compliance with Title IX provisions; potential weakening of the National Collegiate Athletic Association's ability to enforce standards; the financial realities of major college…