This article is intended to provide coaches, parents/guardians and school administrators with specific guidelines that identify coaching practices that are in the best interests of the adolescent female athlete (appropriate) and those that are counterproductive or even harmful (inappropriate). These guidelines can be used as a self-assessment for…

A contract is about commitment and responsibility. It is about the commitment that two or more parties make and the responsibility to deliver on those commitments. When school developers and authorizers turn a charter application into a contract, the relationship transforms: it shifts from aspiration to expectation and from theory to practice. The…

Although single-sex education was once the norm in the U.S., the practice has largely been confined to private schools for more than a century. However, with the introduction of the final version of the U.S. Department of Education's so-called single-sex regulations in 2006, public schools were allowed greater flexibility to offer single-sex…

Sexual harassment of students is illegal. A federal law, "Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972" ("Title IX"), prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex, including sexual harassment, in education programs and activities. All public and private education institutions that receive any federal funds must comply with…

This pamphlet addresses the issue of sexual harassment as it relates to students of postsecondary education institutions. It presents information concerning Title IX of the 1972 Education Amendments and provides answers to the following questions about sexual harassment: (1) What is an institution's legal responsibility to respond to allegations…

Perspectives on Title IX of the 1972 Education Amendments concerning gender equity in college sports, include those of a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) administrator and a women's law attorney. The first looks at the law's provisions, NCAA's role, and related challenges facing institutions. The second focuses on continuing gender…

A training manual for state education agency (SEA) staff dealing with issues of sex bias and discrimination in the educational system is presented. The manual is designed to achieve the following primary objectives: (1) provide a status report on federal and state roles in promoting educational equity; (2) provide an overview of inequities based…

A 1995 federal district court decision in Cohen versus Brown University, in which the university's entire intercollegiate sports program was found to violate Title IX of the 1972 Education Amendments prohibiting gender discrimination in programs receiving federal funds, is analyzed. Recent historical context, district court justifications, and…

The major legal issues pertaining to academic employment are examined. Four areas affecting higher education are analyzed in depth: employment practices, equal pay, developing issues under Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972; and financial exigency. In addition, guidelines for evaluating current institutional academic employment practices…

Hearings on the enforcement of civil rights legislation in higher education and the impact of policies and litigation on compliance are presented. Efforts to desegregate and enhance historically-black state colleges are addressed. Louisiana's civil rights consent decree is outlined, with attention to: governance, student access, student financial…

Controversy over Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 is reviewed, tracking the statue from enactment through recent judicial and legislative activity. Topics discussed include the effects of judicial interpretation of administrative regulations, public debate concerning the law's regulation and enforcement, rise in special interest groups…

Recent court decisions and federal guidelines make it clear that school districts must take action to protect gay students. Eleven states have laws prohibiting discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation. Attorneys recommend defining sexual-orientation discrimination, along with other types of discrimination, in nondiscrimination policies,…

Recognizing the importance of compliance with Title IX, this manual provides an implementation guide for all members of the school community. The manual is organized into 16 topics including: (1) summarization of the Title IX legislation; (2) Title IX's importance to sound educational policy; (3) explanation of who is responsible for compliance;…

Examines current law on sexual harassment as it applies to higher education, asking what colleges/universities should be doing to review and update policies and procedures, and noting that while sexual harassment is a form of sex discrimination, not all harassing conduct is necessarily discriminatory. Law and campus harassment policies must…

This guide is designed to help college athletics administrators and faculty ensure that their program is in compliance with Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, which prohibits sex discrimination in educational programs, including college athletics, that receive or benefit from federal funding. It provides an overview of Title IX, the…