Focuses on Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act in discussing the nature of discrimination based on race/sex. Remedies for past discrimination are examined, and class action is defined. Warns that statistical evidence can imply discrimination patterns. Outlines hiring standard guidelines and reviews occupational qualifications exceptions. (CSS)

This paper discusses Congressional and judicial attempts to deal with the problem of employment practices which lead to discriminatory outcomes but which may not be discriminatory in intent. The use of paper and pencil tests as standards for hiring and promotion is focused on as an example of this type of employment practice. An historical account…

Providing an account of black employment in the private sector between 1969 and 1975, the objectives of this study were designed to develop statistical models for estimating the employment gap between black employment experiences and black employment expectations; projecting employment gap closures; estimating the economic impact of employment…

This monograph reviews the current status of constitutional, statutory, and case law governing public employers' obligations to assure equal employment opportunities and employees' rights to nondiscriminatory treatment. An initial overview of the legal framework discusses federal equal protection mandates including the guarantee of equal…