More than forty years have passed since Congress, in response to the Civil Rights Movement, enacted sweeping antidiscrimination laws in the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968. As a signal achievement of that legacy, in 2008, Americans elected their first African American president. Some would…

At the core of the epistemology of black identity in the 20th century United States is the assertion that freedom is a human right, not a privilege to be earned. By the late 19th century, an ideology of racial uplift had emerged that revolved around four concepts--compassion, service, education, and a commitment to social and economic justice for…

American schools, resegregating gradually for almost two decades, are now experiencing accelerating isolation and this will doubtless be intensified by the recent decision of the U.S. Supreme Court. In June 2007, the Supreme Court handed down its first major decision on school desegregation in 12 years in the Louisville and Seattle cases. A…

Develops the role of politics and the need for political leadership in civil rights legislation and enforcement policies. (DW)

This book discusses the history of the segregation issue from before the Civil War through the Johnson administration, the struggle between the Federal and State governments over the 1954 Supreme Court ruling to abolish segregated education, the emergence of civil rights as a national issue, and the passing of civil rights legislation under the…

Traces some cases of harrassment, intimidation, economic penalty, and physical pain that occurred during the twenty years following 1954 and assesses the accomplishments in race relations and educational progress achieved during the same period. (DW)

Reexamines certain points commonly made about desegregation providing a historical perspective of desegregation, a review of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, concluding with reform since 1964. (Author/RK)

The contents of this compilation of information on desegregation activities in Philadelphia, funded under Title IV of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, section 405, are organized in 11 parts, as follows: (1) Introduction, (2) Description of School District of Philadelphia, (3) Housing Patterns as a Factor in Desegregation, (4) Map Depicting Racial…

The program authorized under Title IV of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, to provide help with problems incident to school desegregation, operated under an appropriation of $10,750,000 in fiscal year 1969. During this period, the Division of Equal Educational Opportunities (DEEO) supported five distinct program activities: direct technical assistance…

This document reports the U.S. Supreme Court Opinion on a class action seeking to reverse the exclusion of Negro children from private schools. Title 42, U.S.C. Section 1981, provides in part that "all persons within the jurisdiction of the U.S. shall have the same right in every state...to make and enforce contracts...as is enjoyed by white…