In Patterson v. American Tobacco Co. the court held that the existing seniority and promotion systems at American violated Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, noting that evidence showed that company practices continued the effects of prior discrimination against blacks and women within a static employment environment. (LBH)

Argues that the use of the long accepted principle of "last in -- first out" in making layoffs has eroded the improvements in minority and female employment, asserting that the employer must adopt the form of a layoff which shares the burden among all or a substantial group of his employees, e.g. by seeking volunteers or providing for…

An overview of the judicial developments under Title VII during the first decade is presented from a perspective of private enforcement. Considered are employment discrimination, establishing the unlawful employment practice, formulating effective relief, and the Equal Employment Opportunity Act. Available from: 3642 Lindell Boulevard, St. Louis,…