More than forty years have passed since Congress, in response to the Civil Rights Movement, enacted sweeping antidiscrimination laws in the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968. As a signal achievement of that legacy, in 2008, Americans elected their first African American president. Some would…

This publication is a revised version of a monograph that was originally prepared to provide background information for a 1974 conference on affirmative action in employment and education. In its present form, it is intended to provide technical support for schools in their efforts to implement Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Title IX…