The correlation between a noncustodial father and child poverty suggests that father involvement and support are critical pieces of the puzzle for reducing child poverty. Regular child support provides an income supplement to families leaving welfare and can prevent families' initial descent into poverty. This issue brief is intended to introduce child advocates to the demographics of low-income fathers, the initiatives aimed at increasing their payment of child support, and the resources available to support these initiatives. The brief also provides a context for assessing the potential of these initiatives to improve the well-being of children. Many noncustodial fathers are not "deadbeat" but "deadbroke," with 35 percent of the nation's 9.5 million noncustodial fathers categorized as low-income. The brief summarizes findings from the Parents' Fair Share (PFS) demonstration program, which indicated it had few significant effects on the employment and earnings of low-income men, and therefore on increased child support. Despite disappointing results of this project, the brief suggests policy and program changes from current methods of child support enforcement. These changes include: (1) ensuring that child support orders and arrears are consistent with ability to pay; (2) increasing child support pass-throughs and disregards; (3) subsidizing child support payments; (4) providing employment-related services to low-income noncustodial parents; and (5) extending the Earned Income Tax Credit to noncustodial fathers. Lastly, the brief summarizes state and federal funding sources for initiatives intended to improve the ability of low-income noncustodial fathers to support their children financially. (Contains 22 references and 45 notes.) (EV)