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Bartlett, Larry; Frost, Lynda – West's Education Law Reporter, 1991
Court rulings from Arizona to New York have indicated that pledge of allegiance ceremonies may be included in a public school's curriculum as part of a local or state goal to instill patriotism and citizenship lessons. Students and teachers cannot be forced to participate if participation violates their personal religious or philosophical…
Descriptors: Citizenship Education, Court Litigation, Elementary Secondary Education, Patriotism