Increasingly those working with affirmative action efforts at the graduate and professional level are considering the importance of early identification of career and educational goals. They are also considering the importance of using those motivational factors that overcome academic handicaps that may arise from school and home environments. Affirmative action efforts in behalf of graduate and professional schools can be greatly enhanced if a state-wide effort were made in which the entire spectrum of education is included. Presently, affirmative action programs are too stratified at the elementary-secondary, community college, four-year college, and post-graduate levels. Highlights of the Bakke case and the Adams v. Califano case underscore these issues. (Author/MSE)