Research has shown that first attempt performance on the TOEFL exam can have an extremely low rate of success (Esmail, 2013). The TOEFL and IELTS exams have become gatekeepers into English language institutions and society. This case study utilizes a gap analysis framework to try and understand why students have such low performance rates on such an instrumental exam. The primary goal was to identify knowledge, motivation, and organizational barriers that are preventing students from successfully achieving their needed passing rates. Data were collected by use of surveys, interviews, data collection, and observations in a community college environment with a significant international student population. Findings showed that students rely on additional, costly, external private institutions to prepare them adequately for the TOEFL exam. A key factor of success then, has to do with a student's economic ability to utilize these services. Offering an elective TOEFL preparation course at community colleges may be a more equitable way to assist ESL students with TOEFL exam preparation. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://bibliotheek.ehb.be:2222/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]