Although nearly half of community college students require some type of remediation, less than one-third of the students who start in developmental education graduate within eight years (Park, Tandberg, Hu, & Hankerson, 2016). As such, there is great uncertainty regarding the effectiveness of developmental education (Ari et al., 2016; Bailey…

Policymakers at the state and national levels have identified college completion as a key policy priority. The proportion of adults with a college credential has decreased and the equity gap in college completion is expanding. Given this policy context, there is an interest in the extent to which degree pathways are inefficient and how these…

Research has shown that first attempt performance on the TOEFL exam can have an extremely low rate of success (Esmail, 2013). The TOEFL and IELTS exams have become gatekeepers into English language institutions and society. This case study utilizes a gap analysis framework to try and understand why students have such low performance rates on such…