This study examines the relation between student experiences of participation in a whole school approach (WSA) and students' self-perceived action competence. We surveyed 902 students in three Norwegian upper-secondary schools participating in an education for sustainable development (ESD) programme. The questionnaire measured students'…

The objective of this study was to identify the various types of student councils based on their areas of interest. The study population included 100 school principals or deputy principals, in junior high schools or high schools, who filled in questionnaires to map student councils. The analysis yielded 89 student-council profiles, with two…

Purpose: Lave and Wenger's Communities of Practice is presented as a conceptual framework for examining extracurricular activities as a part of democratic schools' contribution to students' civic engagement. Data from the IEA Civic Education Study is analyzed to investigate research questions on the association between participation in two civic…

Citizenship education has evolved substantially in recent decades, with a rapid proliferation of education forms and approaches. The currently available evaluation studies, however, do not allow us to determine what kind of approach can be considered as a best practice for schools and education systems. In this article, we rely on the results of a…