This article aims to a research problem that emphasizes the necessity to guide and organize schoolchildren's cognitive activities. In a situation when cognition becomes the leading activity, new opportunities are opened up for the organization of the whole educational process, including its other aspects such as -- development, and learning. The…

Purpose: The purpose of the current study is to reveal general qualities of the objectives in the mother-tongue curricula of Hong Kong and Shanghai-China, South Korea, Singapore, and Turkey in terms of higher-order thinking processes specified by PISA tests. Research Methods: In this study, the researcher used a qualitative research design.…

Communicative tasks are defined as activities in which meaning is primary, there is a goal which needs to be worked toward, there is a real world relationship and the interaction among students is the means for achieving the task outcome. However, it was assumed that adopting communicative tasks alone is not adequate as it leads the learner to…