The rise of private tutoring globally has raised concerns over the hidden costs of "free" education systems and how these costs contribute to the persistence of inequality. We examine the drivers of tutoring at different levels of education in Egypt in an effort to understand why private tutoring has expanded despite policy efforts to…

This study investigated the motivation of a heterogeneous group of students studying English as a foreign language at the International School in Tripoli area. The aim of the study was to find out the extent to which various factors affect students' motivation and achievement in second/foreign language learning particularly as they enter the…