This study explores the importance of scientific observation in primary education, highlighting how the use of observation sheets can facilitate the acquisition of knowledge and the development of students' observation skills. In the research, 153 second-grade students were divided into three experimental groups, each group observing a woody plant (spruce) using different materials: plant material, photographs, and drawings. The results show that direct observation leads to a more accurate identification of plant characteristics compared to observing substitutes or external representations (photographs, drawings). The study emphasizes the importance and effectiveness of observation sheets in achieving learning objectives and the necessity of engaging students in hands-on experiences to develop scientific thinking and skills.