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Alam, Abdullah; Ahmad, Mushtaq – International Journal of Educational Management, 2017
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of instructional leadership, professional communities and extra "non-teaching" responsibilities for teachers on student achievement. Design/Methodology/Approach: For a sample of 214 teachers from 88 primary schools in Pakistan, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were…
Descriptors: Instructional Leadership, Communities of Practice, Teacher Responsibility, Academic Achievement
Sandefur, Justin; Pritchett, Lant; Beatty, Amanda – Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2016
The differential patterns of grade progression have direct implications for the calculation of learning profiles. Researchers measure learning in primary school using survey data on reading and math skills of a nationally representative, population-based sample of children in India, Pakistan, Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. Research demonstrates that…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Primary Education, Reading Skills, Mathematics Skills