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Steen, Vilde Buhaug; Englund, Nunne – Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 2022
This paper presents a natural experiment using a play situation with specific toys to examine and compare the characteristics of 33 Norwegian-speaking female pedagogical employees' child-directed speech (CDS) and adult-directed speech (ADS). Vowel pitch, duration, format frequency, and vowel space area of the vowels /a:/, /i:/, and /u:/ as well as…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Play, Toys, Females