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Direct linkRao, Nirmala; Su, Yufen; Gong, Jing – International Journal of Early Childhood, 2022
China has made significant progress in enhancing maternal and child health over the past 70 years but geographic-based disparities in early childhood development remain. This study investigated trends in urban-rural gaps in early childhood development and the factors that influence them by leveraging secondary data from the China Family Panel…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Rural Urban Differences, Preschool Education, Child Development
Richards, Ben; Umayahara, Mami; Mirpuri, Sheena; Rao, Nirmala – International Journal of Early Years Education, 2022
The association between five indicators of inequality (geo-ethnicity, height-for-age, socioeconomic status (SES), gender, and preschool participation) and child development was examined among 1498 3- to 5-year olds from the Khmer and Phnong ethnic groups in Cambodia. Children were directly assessed using the East Asia-Pacific Early Child…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Child Development, Justice, Social Class
Yang, Yi; Rao, Nirmala – Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education, 2021
Early childhood education (ECE) is not given as much attention as primary and secondary education in rural areas in China, and rural preschool teachers lack opportunities to receive high quality and appropriate pre-service and in-service professional training. This study focused on professional development (PD) opportunities available for…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Rural Areas, Preschool Teachers, Preschool Education
Sun, Jin; Zhang, Li; Chen, Eva; Lau, Carrie; Rao, Nirmala – Early Education and Development, 2018
Research Findings: This study investigated the relationship between family socioeconomic status (SES) and children's early attainment, and the roles of preschool attendance and executive function (EF) in this association. Participants were 3,331 children (1,584 girls) ranging in age from 36 to 71 months from Cambodia, Mongolia, and Vanuatu.…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Achievement Gap, Socioeconomic Status, Correlation
Rao, Nirmala; Sun, Jin; Pearson, Veronica; Pearson, Emma; Liu, Hongyun; Constas, Mark A.; Engle, Patrice L. – Child Development, 2012
This study evaluated the relative effectiveness of home-based, community-based, and state-run early childhood programs across Cambodia. A total of 880 five-year-olds (55% girls) from 6 rural provinces in Cambodia attending State Preschools, Community Preschools, Home-Based Programs, or no programs were assessed twice using the Cambodian…
Descriptors: Program Evaluation, Program Effectiveness, Foreign Countries, Rural Areas
Rao, Nirmala – Early Education and Development, 2010
Research Findings: The influence of preschool quality on the development of 67 4-year-old children from poor and rural families in South India was examined. Children's developmental status was assessed using a modified version of the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities and through physician ratings. Preschool quality was assessed through…
Descriptors: Economically Disadvantaged, Rating Scales, Foreign Countries, Preschool Teachers
