Intersection of education and deep learning method of artificial intelligence (AI) is gradually becoming a hot research field. Education will be profoundly transformed by AI. The purpose of this review is to help education practitioners understand the research frontiers and directions of AI applications in education. This paper reviews the…

This study compares how the generative AI (GenAI) large language model (LLM) ChatGPT performs in grading university exams compared to human teachers. Aspects investigated include consistency, large discrepancies and length of answer. Implications for higher education, including the role of teachers and ethics, are also discussed. Three…

Machine learning methods can be used to reduce the manual workload in exam grading, making it possible for teachers to spend more time on other tasks. However, when it comes to grading exams, fully eliminating manual work is not yet possible even with very accurate automated grading, as any grading mistakes could have significant consequences for…

Language learning has increasingly benefited from Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) technologies, especially with Artificial Intelligence involved in recent years. CALL in writing learning acknowledged as the core of language learning is being realized by technologies like Automated Writing Evaluation (AWE), and Automated Essay Scoring…

E-learning is gradually gaining prominence in higher education, with universities enlarging provision and more students getting enrolled. The effectiveness of automated essay scoring (AES) is thus holding a strong appeal to universities for managing an increasing learning interest and reducing costs associated with human raters. The growth in…

The emergence of ChatGPT as one of the most advanced chatbots and its ability to generate diverse data has given room for numerous discussions worldwide regarding its utility, particularly in advancing medical education and research. This study seeks to assess the performance of ChatGPT in medical biochemistry to evaluate its potential as an…

In the context of formative assessment in classrooms, the incorporation of automated evaluation (AE) systems and teachers' interactions with them hold significant importance. This study aimed to investigate the cognitive processes of pre-service teachers as they engaged with an AE system. We developed an unsupervised learning-based AE system, the…

Automated essay scoring (AES) has become a valuable tool in educational settings, providing efficient and objective evaluations of student essays. However, the majority of AES systems have primarily focused on native English speakers, leaving a critical gap in the evaluation of non-native speakers' writing skills. This research addresses this gap…

This study investigated English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers' beliefs concerning the use of an AI grading tool (CoGrader) for essay scoring and feedback. The study also explored the factors which contributed to those beliefs. EFL teachers (n = 10) from public universities (n = 3) in Saudi Arabia participated in this study. The study…

Acid-base chemistry is a key reaction motif taught in postsecondary organic chemistry courses. More specifically, concepts from the Lewis acid-base model are broadly applicable to understanding mechanistic ideas such as electron density, nucleophilicity, and electrophilicity; thus, the Lewis model is fundamental to explaining an array of reaction…

Ethical considerations, including transparency, play an important role when using artificial intelligence (AI) in education. Explainable AI has been coined as a solution to provide more insight into the inner workings of AI algorithms. However, carefully designed user studies on how to design explanations for AI in education are still limited. The…

The biology education literature includes compelling assertions that unfamiliar problems are especially useful for revealing students' true understanding of biology. However, there is only limited evidence that such novel problems have different cognitive requirements than more familiar problems. Here, we sought additional evidence by using…

We systematically compared two coding approaches to generate training datasets for machine learning (ML): (1) a holistic approach based on learning progression levels; and (2) a dichotomous, analytic approach of multiple concepts in student reasoning, deconstructed from holistic rubrics. We evaluated four constructed response assessment items for…

Worldwide, open-ended questions that require short answers have been used in many exams in fields of science, such as the International Student Assessment Program (PISA), the International Science and Maths Trends Research (TIMSS). However, multiple-choice questions are used for many exams at the national level in Turkey, especially high school…

The advent of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT and Gemini, has significantly impacted the educational landscape, offering unique opportunities for learning and assessment. In the realm of written assessment grading, traditionally viewed as a laborious and subjective process, this study sought to…