Item response theory is a widely used framework for the design, scoring, and scaling of measurement instruments. Item response models are typically used for dichotomously scored questions that have only two score points (e.g., multiple-choice items). However, given the increasing use of instruments that include questions with multiple response…

The arrangement of response options in multiple-choice (MC) items, especially the location of the most attractive distractor, is considered critical in constructing high-quality MC items. In the current study, a sample of 496 undergraduate students taking an educational assessment course was given three test forms consisting of the same items but…

Problem Statement: Computerized adaptive testing (CAT) is a sophisticated and efficient way of delivering examinations. In CAT, items for each examinee are selected from an item bank based on the examinee's responses to the items. In this way, the difficulty level of the test is adjusted based on the examinee's ability level. Instead of…