The purpose of this phenomenological qualitative study is to explore the perception of middle school parents regarding the efficacy and effects of multi-option response drills that are conducted in schools with the intent to improve readiness for a critical shooting incident. Participants were parents of current middle school students who have…

Purpose: The overall purpose of this journal-ready dissertation was to determine the degree to which school level (i.e., elementary, middle, and high schools) and school urbanicity (i.e., city, suburb, town, and rural) were related to written safety plans (i.e., active shooter, hostage, bomb, and pandemic flu/disease threats) and drilled safety…