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Direct linkGirvan, Erik J.; McIntosh, Kent; Santiago-Rosario, Maria R. – School Psychology Review, 2021
This study examined the extent to which disparities in Black and White students' risks of receiving office discipline referrals (ODRs), and out-of-school suspensions (OSSs) were related to differences in implicit and explicit racial biases assessed at the community level. The sample consisted of discipline records for 1,354,010 students enrolled…
Descriptors: Correlation, Racial Bias, Community Attitudes, Suspension
