In the dynamic realm of virtual education, the successful execution of Multi-Tiered Systems of Support (MTSS) becomes essential for promoting student achievement. This study examines a particular aspect of this educational framework, explicitly investigating the teachers' perceptions of the fidelity of implementing an MTSS framework within an…

This qualitative study sought to understand middle school students' developing mathematical arguments in a linguistically and culturally supportive classroom that featured mathematical writing and oral conferencing. Writing tasks and conferencing focused on developing the core algebraic practice of justifying by emphasizing audience and revision.…

Educators have limited knowledge of youth mental health disorders, treatment, and school-based supportive strategies. Mental health literacy (MHL) interventions are designed to promote educator understanding of youth mental health. The Go-To Educator Training is a MHL intervention developed for educators. The current study extended research on the…

The world of K-12 public education was one area of society that was directly impacted by the introduction of COVID-19 and emergency remote teaching. Teachers and districts alike responded in the way that they determined was best for their students, and the response of teachers at Little Middle School was no different. This narrative inquiry seeks…

State assessment test scores in English language arts (ELA) and mathematics had continued to decline in a southern state in the United States over the last few years. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the difference in middle school ELA and mathematics test scores between students receiving instruction in virtual and…

Previous literature has indicated a lack of information available regarding virtual schooling and how it compares to traditional schooling in terms of the academic achievement of students (Angiello, 2010; Brady, 2012; Dichev, Dicheva, Agre, & Angelova, 2013; Molnar et al., 2019; Molnar, 2021). This study aimed to examine differences among…

During the COVID-19 pandemic, many Texas students stayed home and learned virtually for portions or the entirety of the 2020-2021 school year. TEA (2021b) reports indicated virtual learners scored lower than students who returned face-to-face on many assessments. Research question one asked what are the perceived factors that affected 8th-grade…

Sub-proficient reading affects students' academic achievement and has impacts beyond the classroom. Use of online reading programs to support reading skills has been demonstrated, yet little research related to middle school students and the barriers they face exists. The problem addressed in this study is 66% of U.S. middle school students read…

Online Professional Learning (PL) has become a fundamental modality of providing PL support to teachers. The online learning design is one of the characteristics linked to the course's effectiveness. This Educational Leadership Portfolio (ELP) aims to improve the quality of online professional learning courses by identifying the features of online…

This instrumental mixed methods case study investigated Grades 3-5 classroom teachers' perceptions of teaching for creativity and the effects of a researcher-developed, one-day, online professional development creativity module intervention within a suburban school district in south-central Pennsylvania. Creativity has been identified as a…

This non-experimental correlational quantitative research study was conducted to examine the relationship between the percentage of voluntary live synchronous virtual lesson attendance (LVLA) and the reading comprehension skill growth of sixth through eighth-grade English Language Arts (ELA) students enrolled in a Pennsylvania full-time online…

The learning environment in K-12 education has been a topic in education for many years, especially in the United States. The problem that was addressed in this mixed methods study is that students' standardized test scores may be affected by the learning environment--whether a traditional classroom or a virtual setting. The purpose of this…

The 2019-2020 school year started traditionally with the majority of students learning in a face-to-face model. By the end of March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic (Mahase, 2020; Nayak et al., 2021), and all schools in the United States shut down due to the pandemic (Decker et al., 2020). Though the origins…

The purpose of this research project was to investigate the effect of the Think Through Math (TTM) online tutorial on student achievement in mathematics and student self-perception in mathematics ability. The treatment group consisted of 140 fifth grade students who received general instruction and daily access to TTM. The control group consisted…

Research results from the past decade on the efficacy of online instruction for high school students varies. While many researchers suggested that younger students, mathematics students, and already struggling students who take online classes were underperforming compared to their classmates in the same course taken face-to-face (f2f), other…