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Design-Based Covariate Adjustments in Paired Experiments
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Wu, Edward; Gagnon-Bartsch, Johann A. – Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 2021
In paired experiments, participants are grouped into pairs with similar characteristics, and one observation from each pair is randomly assigned to treatment. The resulting treatment and control groups should be well-balanced; however, there may still be small chance imbalances. Building on work for completely randomized experiments, we propose a…
Descriptors: Experiments, Groups, Research Design, Statistical Analysis
Using Propensity Score Matching Methods to Improve Generalization from Randomized Experiments
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Tipton, Elizabeth – Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2011
The main result of an experiment is typically an estimate of the average treatment effect (ATE) and its standard error. In most experiments, the number of covariates that may be moderators is large. One way this issue is typically skirted is by interpreting the ATE as the average effect for "some" population. Cornfield and Tukey (1956)…
Descriptors: Probability, Statistical Analysis, Experiments, Generalization
Improving Generalizations from Experiments Using Propensity Score Subclassification: Assumptions, Properties, and Contexts
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Tipton, Elizabeth – Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 2013
As a result of the use of random assignment to treatment, randomized experiments typically have high internal validity. However, units are very rarely randomly selected from a well-defined population of interest into an experiment; this results in low external validity. Under nonrandom sampling, this means that the estimate of the sample average…
Descriptors: Generalization, Experiments, Classification, Computation
How Generalizable Is Your Experiment? An Index for Comparing Samples and Populations
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Tipton, Elizabeth – Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2013
Recent research on the design of social experiments has highlighted the effects of different design choices on research findings. Since experiments rarely collect their samples using random selection, in order to address these external validity problems and design choices, recent research has focused on two areas. The first area is on methods for…
Descriptors: Experiments, Research Methodology, Middle Schools, Secondary School Mathematics
A SeQRet Treasure Hunt
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Hance, Trevor – Science and Children, 2014
Designing opportunities for students to discover core science concepts can be challenging, however, with a good understanding of their interests, proper planning, and the use of technology and the outdoors, students can become engaged in a way that can leave a legacy for future students. Last fall, this author designed a nine-session unit for a…
Descriptors: Science Instruction, Scientific Concepts, Teaching Methods, Grade 4
Injecting Successful Charter School Strategies into Traditional Public Schools: A Field Experiment in Houston. NBER Working Paper No. 17494
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Fryer, Roland G., Jr. – National Bureau of Economic Research, 2011
The racial achievement gap in education is an important social problem to which decades of research have yielded no scalable solutions. Recent evidence from "No Excuses" charter schools--which demonstrates that some combination of school inputs can educate the poorest minority children--offers a guiding light. In the 2010-2011 school…
Descriptors: Achievement Gap, Social Problems, Human Capital, Charter Schools