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Effects of Grade Retention in Lower Secondary Education on Students' Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, Goal Orientations, and School Career
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Joana Pipa; João R. Daniel; Francisco Peixoto – Psychology in the Schools, 2024
Grade retention is one of the most discussed and controversial educational measures, and yet, it is still widely applied in many countries. Research investigating the effects of grade retention on students' psychosocial variables presents mixed findings, partly due to the variables assessed, methodological issues, and the length of the studies.…
Descriptors: Goal Orientation, Grade Repetition, Self Esteem, Self Concept
Students' Motivation to Learn in Middle School--A Self-Regulated Learning Approach
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Paulino, Paula; Sá, Isabel; Lopes da Silva, Adelina – Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, 2016
Introduction: The self-regulation of motivation (SRM) is conceptualized as a meta-motivational process that guides students' efforts and persistence when performing tasks. This process regulates students' behavior through strategies that are influenced by motivational beliefs. SRM allows students to motivate themselves and guides their behavior.…
Descriptors: Student Motivation, Learning Motivation, Self Efficacy, Metacognition