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Umansky, Ilana M. – Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2018
Research has demonstrated that classification as an English learner (EL) is consequential for students, with important effects on educational achievement and attainment. Yet we know little about the mechanisms that underlie the effects of EL classification. This study explores whether, and to what extent, EL classification results in the…
Descriptors: English Language Learners, Early Childhood Education, Kindergarten, Middle School Students