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Students' Gender Stereotypes about Running in Schools
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Xiang, Ping; McBride, Ron E.; Lin, Shuqiong; Gao, Zan; Francis, Xueying – Journal of Experimental Education, 2018
Two hundred forty-six students (132 boys, 114 girls) were tracked from fifth to eighth grades, and changes in gender stereotypes about running as a male sport, running performance, interest in running, and intention for future running participation were assessed. Results revealed that neither sex held gender stereotypes about running as a male…
Descriptors: Physical Activities, Sex Stereotypes, Sex Role, Student Interests
The Impact of Achievement Goals on Cardiorespiratory Fitness: Does Self-Efficacy Make a Difference?
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Gao, Zan; Xiang, Ping; Lochbaum, Marc; Guan, Jianmin – Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 2013
Purpose: The relationships among students' self-efficacy, 2 × 2 achievement goals (mastery-approach [MAp], mastery-avoidance [MAv], performance-approach [PAp], and performance-avoidance goals), and achievement performance remain largely unanswered. We tested a model of the mediating role of self-efficacy on the relationship between 2 × 2…
Descriptors: Achievement Need, Self Efficacy, Metabolism, Exercise Physiology
Associations between Socio-Motivational Factors, Physical Education Activity Levels and Physical Activity Behavior among Youth
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Ning, Weihong; Gao, Zan; Lodewyk, Ken – ICHPER-SD Journal of Research, 2012
This study examined the relationships between established socio-motivational factors and children's physical activity levels daily and during physical education classes. A total of 307 middle school students (149 boys, 158 girls) from a suburban public school in the Southern United States participated in this study. Participants completed…
Descriptors: Self Efficacy, Physical Activity Level, Physical Education, Physical Activities
Changes in Middle School Students' Motivation toward Physical Education over One School Year
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Gao, Zan; Lee, Amelia M.; Solmon, Melinda; Zhang, Tao – Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 2009
This study investigated the relationships and mean-level changes of middle school students' motivation (expectancy-related beliefs, task values, self-efficacy, and outcome expectancy) toward physical education over time, and how gender affected students' motivation. Participants (N = 206) completed questionnaires over a 1-year period: once in the…
Descriptors: Middle School Students, Physical Education, Self Efficacy, Student Motivation
The Role of Ability Beliefs and Incentives in Middle School Students' Intention, Cardiovascular Fitness, and Effort
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Gao, Zan; Lodewyk, Ken R.; Zhang, Tao – Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 2009
This study uncovers the predictive relationship of middle school students' ability beliefs (self-efficacy and expectancy-related beliefs) and incentives (outcome expectancy, importance, interest, and usefulness) to intention, cardiovascular fitness, and teacher-rated effort in physical education. Participants (N = 252; 118 boys, 134 girls)…
Descriptors: Middle School Students, Physical Education, Self Efficacy, Physical Fitness
Students' Motivation, Physical Activity Levels, & Health-Related Physical Fitness in Middle School Physical Education
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Gao, Zan; Newton, Maria; Carson, Russell L. – Middle Grades Research Journal, 2008
This study examines the predictive utility of students' motivation (self-efficacy and task values) to their physical activity levels and health-related physical fitness (cardiovascular fitness and muscular strength/endurance) in middle school fitness activity classes. Participants (N = 305) responded to questionnaires assessing their self-efficacy…
Descriptors: Physical Education, Muscular Strength, Physical Activities, Self Efficacy