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Multilevel Modeling of Direct Effects and Interactions of Peers, Parents, School, and Community Influences on Adolescent Substance Use
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Mayberry, Megan L.; Espelage, Dorothy L.; Koenig, Brian – Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 2009
This study tested a social-ecological model of adolescent substance use. Multilevel modeling was used to investigate how systems, such as parents, peers, schools, and communities, directly influence and interact together to influence adolescent substance use. Participants included 14,548 (50.3% female) middle school students who were 78.6% White,…
Descriptors: Substance Abuse, Models, Adolescents, Middle School Students