This qualitative study aimed to compare the scientific process skills of 5-6 years old preschool children in kindergartens where Reggio Emilia approach was implemented and not implemented. For this purpose, upon obtaining consent forms from the parents, in total 80 purposefully selected children participated in the study; 35 in a kindergarten adapting the Reggio Emilia program, and 45 in the kindergarten of a private school where Reggio Emilia program was not utilized (n = 80). The data were collected via 'Scientific Process Skills Scale for 60-72-Month Children' developed by Özkan (2015), and analyzed using independent groups t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) in accordance with the variables of gender, mother's education status, mother's employment status, number of siblings and school type. The results revealed that there was a significant difference between the variables of school type, gender, and mother's working status and children's scientific process skills, whereas there was no significant difference between other variables and scientific process skills.