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Direct linkCoskun, Kerem – Interchange: A Quarterly Review of Education, 2019
The present study aims to understand children's behavior within classroom settings in terms of conditioning theories. It was designed based on grounded theory. Data were collected through participant observation and 98 children whose ages varied between 6 and 10 years were observed. Data were inductively analyzed. Findings indicated that…
Descriptors: Student Behavior, Elementary School Students, Age Differences, Operant Conditioning
The Effects of Teachers' Gender-Stereotypical Expectations on the Development of the Math Gender Gap
Download full textRobinson, Joseph P.; Lubienski, Sarah T.; Copur, Yasemin – Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2011
Scholars have identified mathematics gender gaps favoring males as early as kindergarten or first grade, particularly at the top of the achievement distribution (Penner & Paret, 2008; Rathbun, West & Germino-Hausken, 2004; Robinson & Lubienski, 2011). These relatively small achievement disparities precede larger differences in…
Descriptors: Achievement Gap, Females, Mathematics Achievement, Conditioning
