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Direct linkWalter A. Herring; Daphna Bassok; Anita S. McGinty; Luke C. Miller; James H. Wyckoff – Educational Researcher, 2022
Federal accountability policy mandates that states administer standardized tests beginning in third grade. In turn, third-grade test scores are often viewed as a key indicator in policy and practice. Yet literacy struggles begin well before third grade, as do racial and socioeconomic disparities in children's literacy skills. Kindergarten…
Descriptors: Kindergarten, Young Children, Emergent Literacy, Reading Ability
Houston Independent School District, 2016
Each year, the Houston Independent School District (HISD) offers a summer education program designed to assist students with a variety of instructional needs. The 2015 summer education program allowed students the opportunity to repeat required courses needed for promotion, to get ahead by taking required courses before the next school year, or to…
Descriptors: Summer Schools, Acceleration (Education), Repetition, Required Courses
