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Direct linkAnna Shapiro – Exceptional Children, 2023
There is growing evidence that school starting age impacts children's likelihood of receiving special education services, but less is known about variations in this effect. Using a regression discontinuity design, I found that the youngest students in a kindergarten cohort are 40% more likely (p < 0.001) to be placed in special education than…
Descriptors: Clinical Diagnosis, School Entrance Age, Special Education, Age Differences
Anna Katherine Shapiro – ProQuest LLC, 2020
Nearly 14% of students in the United States receive special education services in public schools (NCES, 2017). Special education programs serve students with a wide range of developmental differences and vary considerably across schools and districts (National Research Council, 1997). Likelihood of identification for special education services…
Descriptors: Clinical Diagnosis, School Entrance Age, Special Education, Age Differences
Shapiro, Anna – Annenberg Institute for School Reform at Brown University, 2020
Much of the literature estimating disproportionality in special education identification rates has focused on socioeconomic status, race, and gender. However, recent evidence suggests that a student's school starting age also impacts the likelihood they receive special education services, particularly in the early grades. I build on the evidence…
Descriptors: School Entrance Age, Special Education, Disproportionate Representation, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Bartik, Timothy J. – W. E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, 2013
This paper uses a regression discontinuity model to examine the effects on kindergarten entrance assessments of the Kalamazoo County Ready 4s (KC Ready 4s) program, a half-day pre-K program for four-year-olds in Kalamazoo County, Michigan. The results are based on test scores and other characteristics of up to 220 children participating in KC…
Descriptors: Public Schools, School Districts, Enrollment Trends, Student Characteristics
