Several leadership approaches have been advocated as effective ways of bringing about substantial changes in practices. "Instructional" or "transactional leadership" describes the qualities of a leader who provides the vision and impetus for change. In contrast, "transformational leadership" refers to those whose…

Kindergarten teachers in Hong Kong are often criticised for not putting early childhood education theory into practice after their in-service training. It appears that they may be too concerned about academic work and discipline in the classroom and neglect to create a coherent vision of early childhood education. It might be suggested that…