This research was conducted at an Islamic Boarding School to examine how the implementation of an innovative curriculum and effective leadership contributes to improving the quality of learning and academic competence among middle and high school students. The study aims to examine the impact of curriculum implementation and school leadership on learning quality and its implications for the development of students' academic competencies at the 21st Century Islamic Boarding School in Indonesia. A quantitative approach, utilizing survey methods and statistical analysis, was employed to collect and analyze data from various respondents, including students, teachers, and school principals. The results show that a curriculum aligned with contemporary needs and the effective leadership of school principals considerably improves learning quality. Additionally, improved learning quality positively affects the development of students' academic competencies, particularly in critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving skills. The study findings underscore the importance of adaptive curriculum design and visionary leadership in promoting academic progress within Islamic boarding schools. These findings provide a valuable foundation for policymakers and educators when formulating more effective educational strategies in the modern era.