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Kang, Mun-koo; Chang, Hyung-ji – Journal of Pan-Pacific Association of Applied Linguistics, 2014
This study is aimed at ensuring the validity of the Practical English Certification Test (PECT) of the Chung-nam Office of Education (COE) in Korea. Motivated by the demand for a developing localized English test to empower English learning in public education, the COE conducted the PECT for 38,544 students of elementary, middle and high schools…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Language Tests
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Reeve, Johnmarshall – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2013
The present study introduced "agentic engagement" as a newly proposed student-initiated pathway to greater achievement and greater motivational support. Study 1 developed the brief, construct-congruent, and psychometrically strong Agentic Engagement Scale. Study 2 provided evidence for the scale's construct and predictive validity, as…
Descriptors: Learner Engagement, Learning Motivation, Student Motivation, Academic Achievement