The current study was conducted to investigate the relationship between math anxiety and math achievement, highlighting differences in motivation based on age, and the mediating effects of task persistence as well as aspects of the expectancy-value theory. The students in the study (grade five N = 335, grade eight N = 251) were from Estonian…

This study examined 1337 children or adolescents from various educational stages (primary, junior, and senior high school levels) along with their parents. First, we examined the effects of parental education anxiety, children's academic anxiety, children's self-academic achievement expectation, and parental self-blame on the progression of…

Previous research has evidenced a strong positive relationship between leisure print reading habits and reading comprehension across the lifespan. The rapid evolution of new forms of leisure digital reading could modify such a relationship. This meta-analysis extends previous research by analyzing the relationship between leisure digital reading…