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Ágnes Hódi; Edit Tóth; Marianne Nikolov – Reading Research Quarterly, 2025
Reading literacy is a multidimensional construct in terms of text and reading processes. Much research has examined the divisibility of the processes underlying reading, but they have treated the rest of the construct as unitary. This study extends the examination of dimensionality to a neglected area in literacy studies. It tests reading models…
Descriptors: Reader Text Relationship, Reading Processes, Text Structure, Foreign Countries
White, Sheida; Kim, Young Yee; Chen, Jing; Liu, Fei – National Center for Education Statistics, 2015
This study examined whether or not fourth-graders could fully demonstrate their writing skills on the computer and factors associated with their performance on the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) computer-based writing assessment. The results suggest that high-performing fourth-graders (those who scored in the upper 20 percent…
Descriptors: National Competency Tests, Computer Assisted Testing, Writing Tests, Grade 4