Traditional table tennis physical education teaching often involves repetitive mechanical motion exercises. Such training can gradually diminish elementary students' motivation during the learning process. Learning motivation plays a crucial role in sports, and teaching methods based on the ARCS motivation model can effectively enhance students'…

The goals of this formative experiment were threefold: (a) to teach the story/visual elements and characteristics of picturebooks to pre-service teachers (PSTs) from the classroom teacher education department and to help them use these elements with elementary school students, (b) to enable the PSTs to create original self-published picturebooks…