This study aimed to determine how the learning stimulation and intrinsic motivation of students affect their culture sharing in volunteering via general altruism and intention. Stratified random sampling was used, and 850 invitation questionnaires were sent to participants, of whom 264 returned valid questionnaires (return rate, 31.06%), which…

This paper hypothesizes that higher proficiency in the medium of instruction (MI) is a precondition for effective instructional communication (IC), with the latter being essential for higher cognitive processes, positive affects, and better performance in the learning environment. The reported study used questionnaires comprising open-ended…