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Direct linkKim, Minkyung; Crossley, Scott A.; Kim, Byeong-Kweon – International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 2022
Being able to read and write in English as a second language (L2) in the globalized world has been increasingly considered important to gain greater personal, academic, and business achievement. This study investigates English (L2) reading and writing abilities in relation to first language (L1) reading and writing abilities, L2 vocabulary…
Descriptors: Native Language, Literacy, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Sato, Takanori; Ikeda, Naoki – Language Testing in Asia, 2015
Background: High-stakes tests have an immense washback effect on what students learn and affect the content of student learning. However, if students fail to recognize the abilities that the test developers intend to measure, they are less likely to learn what the test developers wish them to learn. This study aims to investigate test-taker…
Descriptors: High Stakes Tests, Testing Problems, Test Items, College Students
