This study examined the role of positive and negative feedback on goal commitment and energy investment among English as a foreign language learners who experienced directed motivational currents (DMCs). To this purpose, a systematic methodology was used to identify language learners with a DMC experience (six students, four females, two males,…

This study examined the effect of different types of praise on writing students' anxiety, motivation, mindsets, and perceived competence. In doing so, 180 English-majoring university students (102 female, 78, male) were randomly assigned to praise for effort, praise for intelligence, and no praise conditions (N = 60 for each group). The groups…

The significance of pragmatic knowledge and politeness strategies has recently been emphasized in language learning and teaching. Most communication failures originate in the lack of pragmatic awareness which is evident among EFL learners while communicating with English native speakers. The present study aimed at investigating compliment response…