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Aghion, Philippe; Akcigit, Ufuk; Hyytinen, Ari; Toivanen, Otto – National Bureau of Economic Research, 2023
Why is invention strongly positively correlated with parental income not only in the US but also in Finland which displays low income inequality and high social mobility? Using data on 1.45M Finnish individuals and their parents, we find that: (i) the positive association between parental income and off-spring probability of inventing is greatly…
Descriptors: Correlation, Low Income, Social Differences, Social Mobility
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Kosunen, Sonja; Haltia, Nina; Saari, Juhani; Jokila, Suvi; Halmkrona, Esa – Higher Education Policy, 2021
Private supplementary tutoring in the form of preparatory courses to university entrance examinations is present in Finland alongside public higher education (HE). We explore the participation in preparatory courses. Our data derive from the university undergraduate subsample (n = 2969) of a larger cross-sectional national survey targeting…
Descriptors: Tutoring, Socioeconomic Status, Access to Education, Case Studies