The goal of this research was to provide a general assessment framework of students' statistical reasoning in medicine, then build three scales to assess students' statistical reasoning ability in solving practical medical problems, including Description, Interpretation and Prediction. On that basis, the study designed a set of tools to assess students' statistical reasoning ability in solving practical medical problems. Through the analysis of the students' performance, assessments of the students' statistical reasoning in medicine were done. These research results were suitable for student assessment in medical statistics courses, useful for faculty and students in teaching and learning medical statistics.