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Chang, Hsin-Yi – Science Education, 2022
This study investigated eight experienced science teachers' and eight senior high school students' metavisualization when they drew models to represent their concepts of carbon cycling. Qualitative data collection techniques including think-aloud tasks and follow-up retrospective interviews were employed. The purposes of the study included: (1) to…
Descriptors: Science Teachers, High School Students, Visualization, Freehand Drawing
Kaliski, Pamela; Huff, Kristen; Barry, Carol – College Board, 2011
For educational achievement tests that employ multiple-choice (MC) items and aim to reliably classify students into performance categories, it is critical to design MC items that are capable of discriminating student performance according to the stated achievement levels. This is accomplished, in part, by clearly understanding how item design…
Descriptors: Alignment (Education), Academic Achievement, Expertise, Evaluative Thinking