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Direct linkChristopher Redding; Steven M. Carlo – Educational Policy, 2024
We use event history analysis on an aggregate dataset from 1997 to 2018 to understand the state-level antecedents associated with the adoption of test-based grade retention policies. Findings indicate that the educational conditions of a state to be more predictive of retention policy adoption than the political, economic, and geographic measures.…
Descriptors: Grade Repetition, National Competency Tests, Educational History, Student Characteristics
Download full textBureau of Education, Department of the Interior, 1921
On December 17, 1920, the President of the board of school commissioners inquired concerning the possibility of having a survey of the public schools made under the direction of the United States Commissioner of Education. The conditions named were met by the board at a special meeting held on December 30, and an appropriation of $5,000 was made…
Descriptors: Physical Education, Vocational Education, Art Education, Political Influences
